Sodium Nitrate (NaNO₃)

Overview

Sodium Nitrate (NaNO₃, CAS No: 7631-99-4), known naturally as Chile saltpeter, is an inorganic salt synthesized industrially. It appears as white crystalline powder or granules, has high water solubility and exhibits strong oxidizing properties.

Sodium nitrate is used as a nitrogen source in agriculture, as a preservative in the food industry and as an important chemical in various industrial processes. Due to its hygroscopic nature, it tends to clump in humid environments. It has a neutral pH (approximately 6.5-7.5 in 1% solution), melts at 308°C and decomposes at higher temperatures, releasing sodium nitrite and oxygen.

Applications

Sodium Nitrate has a wide range of uses in industrial, agricultural and consumer products:

Technical Specifications

Safety Information

Hazard Symbols and Statements

Oxidizer Health Hazard Environmental Hazard

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Dust-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene)
• Chemical goggles or face shield
• Dust mask (N95 or better)
• Lab coat or protective clothing
• Chemical-resistant shoes

Storage Conditions

• Store in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place
• Keep in original packaging, tightly closed
• Storage temperature: 15-25°C
• Keep away from flammable materials and organic substances
• Store separately from acids and reducing agents

Fire Fighting

• Suitable extinguishers: Water spray, dry chemical
• Toxic gases (nitrogen oxides) may be released during fire
• Firefighting personnel should use full respiratory protection
• Use water spray in large fires - do not use direct water jet

Handling and Storage

Transportation

• Ensure containers are tightly closed
• Prevent moisture contact
• Transport separately from flammable and organic materials
• Have absorbent material available for spills
• Provide adequate ventilation in transport vehicles

Storage

• Store in dry, cool and well-ventilated areas
• Display appropriate signage in storage area
• Protect from direct sunlight
• Store on elevated shelves
• Storage temperature should not exceed 30°C

Spill Response Measures

• Evacuate exposed personnel from area
• Use appropriate personal protective equipment
• Collect spill by dry method (sweeping)
• Do not use water - may form solution and spread
• Wash spilled area with plenty of water

Regulatory Information

GHS Classification

• Oxidizing Solids Category 3
• Acute Toxicity (Oral) Category 4
• Skin Irritation Category 2
• Eye Irritation Category 2
• Acute Aquatic Hazard Category 1

Important Regulations

• REACH: Registered
• EPA: Listed in TSCA inventory
• European Food Additives Regulation: Approved as E251
• FDA: Approved for certain food applications (21 CFR 172.170)
• European Fertilizer Regulation: Approved for use in CE marked fertilizers

Compliance Certificates

• ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System
• ISO 14001:2015 Environmental Management System
• Food grade certificate (E251)
• FCO (Fertilizer Control Regulation) certificate

Environmental Information

Environmental Impact

Sodium nitrate can cause eutrophication in aquatic environments at high concentrations. Contamination of groundwater can adversely affect drinking water sources. It decomposes in soil through microbial activity and is used by plants as a nitrogen source.

Biodegradation

• Soil: Converted to nitrite and ammonium through microbial activity
• Water: Not biologically degradable, but can be absorbed by plants
• Air: Not degraded by photochemical reactions

Waste Management

• Not classified as hazardous waste
• Can be disposed in licensed waste facilities
• Should not be discharged to sewers or surface waters
• Dispose in accordance with local regulations
• Recycling or recovery should be considered for large quantities

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite?

Sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) and sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) are different chemical compounds. Nitrate (NO₃⁻) contains three oxygen atoms while nitrite (NO₂⁻) contains two. Nitrite is a stronger preservative but more toxic. Nitrate is the more commonly used and less toxic form.

Is sodium nitrate a safe food additive?

E251 (sodium nitrate) is an approved food additive in many countries. However, high consumption may pose health risks. It is considered safe when used in permitted maximum doses in the food industry (usually 150-250 mg/kg).

How should sodium nitrate be stored?

Sodium nitrate should be stored in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. Protect from moisture and water. Keep in original packaging, tightly closed. Storage temperature should be between 15-25°C. Keep away from flammable materials and organic substances.

What should I do if sodium nitrate contacts skin?

Remove contaminated clothing immediately and wash skin with plenty of water and soap for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. In case of eye contact, rinse eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention urgently.

Why is sodium nitrate important for plants?

Sodium nitrate provides nitrogen in nitrate form that plants can easily absorb. Nitrogen is one of the essential macronutrients for plant growth. It is necessary for leaf development, protein synthesis and overall plant growth. Sodium nitrate dissolves quickly in water, making it immediately available to plants.